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I. S. Agustiani Agoestian April 8, 2022 What is Folklore? Folklore generally refers to cultural expressions, such as narratives, jokes, beliefs, proverbs, legends, myths, music, songs, dances, costumes, food, and festivals, through which individuals and groups shape and disseminate a shared identity. There is, however, hardly any consensus among folklorists on either how to define folklore or how to explain the issues with the meaning and the function of it. The interest in folklore emerged primarily out of the Romantic nationalism of the early nineteenth century. Enthusiastic intellectuals, amateurs, and artists started to collect different kinds of folklore material in order to be able to study various aspects of ‘the folk’ and folk-life. During this early period, folklore was viewed as ‘the lore’ – the materials of folklore – of ‘the folk’ – the people who utilize the materials. The discoverers of folklore identified the ‘folk’ as peasant society or rural groups, regarding the

By: I. S. Agustiani Agoestian Teaching conversational skills can be challenging as not only English skills are required. English students who excel in conversation tend to be those with self-motivated, outgoing personalities. However, students who feel they lack this skill are often shy when it comes to conversation. In other words, personality traits that dominate in everyday life tend to appear in the classroom as well. As English teachers, it's our job to help students improve their conversational skills, but often 'teaching' is not really the answer. The Challenge Generally speaking, most English learners feel that they need more conversation practice. Grammar, writing and other skills are all very important, but, for most students, conversation is the most important. Unfortunately, teaching conversational skills is much more challenging than teaching grammar as the focus is not on accuracy, but on production. When employing role plays, debates, topic discussions,

  3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE DEFINITION Present Perfect Tense  is used to express an event that started in the past and the impact of the event is now continuing (or a long-running event that started in the past and is still going on). This tense is used to express actions completed recent past. In this tense, it is important whether the event occured or not. ( or the result of the event is important, not the time of the event).

Definition of Present Continuous Tense Present Continuous Tense   narrates an action which is being continued or going to be continued in the near  future . It uses am/is/are and “ing” is added with the  verb .   The Structures of Present Continuous/Progressive Tense   POSITIVE FORM (+):    §   Subject + BE ( am / is / are ) + Verb-ING   NEGATIVE FORM (-): §   Subject + BE ( am / is / are ) + NOT + Verb-ING   QUESTION FORM (?): §   BE ( am / is / are ) + Subject + Verb-ING   SHORT ANSWER FORM ( + / – ) : §   YES / NO + Subject + BE / BE NOT    POSITIVE (+) NEGATIVE (-) QUESTION (?) I am starting I am not (I’m not) starting Am I starting You are starting You are not (aren’t) starting Are you starting He is starting He is not (isn’t) starting Is he starting She is starting She is not (isn’t) starting Is she starting It is starting It is not (isn’t) starting Is it starting We are starting We are not (aren’t) starting Are we starting You are starting You are not (aren

  SIMPLE TENSE Tenses play a crucial role in the English language. It denotes the time an action takes place, whether sometime in the past, in the present or will take some time in the future. From a general view of tenses, this module will go on to discuss each tense in detail with examples and also  Tenses Rules or Tips to Use Tenses or When to Apply Tenses Use Tense with example Simple Present Planned and Scheduled Events Clock ticks twelve Description of Routines Ashok visits the orphanage daily Universal Truth Earth rotates around the Sun Present Continuous When an activity that started recently and is in continuing while we speak about it Radha is jogging while talking to Suman An action that is taking place but not at that particular moment I am watching The Blacklist on Netflix these days An action that will take place in the future for sure I am going to school tomorrow Present Perfect The action is over but still has an effect on the present I have finished all my chores f